Solar Water Heaters
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Solar Water Heaters
Solar Water Heaters (SWH) are thermal systems designed to absorb solar radiation energy and convert it into heat used to raise water temperature. This technology is one of the oldest and most efficient solar energy applications.
Structural components of solar heating system
- Solar Collectors: The unit responsible for absorbing solar radiation. Design varies by system type, where absorbed heat is transferred to working fluid (water or heat transfer fluid).
- Insulated Storage Tank: A dedicated vessel for storing hot water. Features high-efficiency thermal insulation layers to minimize heat loss and maintain water temperature for extended periods until next morning.
- Circulation System: The piping network connecting collectors and tank. Circulation may be natural (gravity) or forced using small electric pumps.
Solar collector classification and technical differences
Flat Plate Collectors
Consist of an internally insulated box with transparent glass cover on top and black metal absorption plate at bottom. Heat transfer fluid flows through pipes welded or connected to the black plate.
Considered good efficiency and suitable for areas with high solar radiation and moderate weather.
Distinguished by structural durability and ability to withstand relatively harsh environmental conditions.
Evacuated Tube Collectors
Consist of rows of double-walled glass tubes, where air is evacuated between outer and inner tube walls (similar to thermos principle). This evacuation ensures superior thermal insulation.
Shows significantly higher thermal efficiency compared to flat plate collectors, especially with large temperature differences between collector and ambient air.
Evacuation process reduces heat loss from convection and radiation, making it the optimal choice for cold regions or facilities requiring very high water temperatures.
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